![]() Historically, this belief led to many unfortunate audist educational practices. As a result of this perspective, people who don’t speak face severe discriminatory attitudes that relegate them to “other” or “lesser.” Metaphysical audism stems from a societal belief that speech is a fundamental aspect of humanity. The tendency to conflate language and speech also serves as the basis for a form of audism called “metaphysical audism.” The medical system can exacerbate internalized audism by treating Deafness as an affliction that requires “fixing.” This practice is rooted in a misconception that speech and language are inextricably linked. Others may be reluctant to participate in certain activities or communities because they implicitly accept the audist notion that the hearing people in those environments will be at a greater advantage. For example, some members of the Deaf community may choose not to use sign language and look unfavorably at those who do. There are varying degrees and diverse manifestations of audism within the Deaf community. This thinking can occur despite awareness of the harm this prejudice causes to the Deaf community. Sometimes, Deaf or hard of hearing people may accept audist beliefs and practices as the norm. What is Internalized Audism?ĭysconscious audism can also present as a form of internalized audism within the Deaf community. Dysconscious audism may persist in institutional structures and systems that reinforce the idea that Deafness is “other” rather than equal. Genie Gertz defines dysconscious audism as “a form of audism that tacitly accepts dominant hearing norms and privileges.” This mentality is not an intentional form of prejudice but rather a collectively accepted bias in favor of hearing people. ![]() Rather than an implicit bias, this type of audism is an active form of prejudice.ĭysconscious audism, on the other hand, is less obvious and more covert. Although these audists are aware of their prejudice and its potential for harm, they choose to continue to discriminate. It manifests when individuals - both hearing and Deaf - intentionally engage in audist practices or hold audist beliefs. Indications of patronizing or pitying those who experience hearing lossĬonscious audism is a form of active audism.Discrimination against prospective employees or students because they are Deaf or hard of hearing.Assumptions that those who are Deaf or hard of hearing should be held to a lower standard of success in work or educational environments.Expectations that individuals with hearing loss rely upon residual hearing, speech, or lip-reading.Rejection of Deaf culture or the use of sign language.Here are a few common indications of audism to watch out for: It’s important to identify the signs of audism, both internally as well as in communities and institutions. Lane’s definition, however, expanded the definition to include institutional practices and beliefs. The audism definition Humphries outlined focused mainly on ways that audism manifests among individuals. Though the term dates back to 1977, it rose to prominence in the early 1990s thanks to psychologist Harlan Lane. The history of audism is a lengthy one, but the academic exploration of audism is a relatively new phenomenon. ![]() Humphries coined the term “audism” in his doctoral dissertation, “Communicating across cultures (deaf-hearing) and language learning.” Humphries is an American researcher and educator who primarily studies language and Deaf culture. Here is a closer look at some audism facts, the different types of audism, and ways to prevent audism at personal and institutional levels. In order to combat audism effectively, it is important to have an understanding of its manifestations. Another common manifestation of audism is the assumption that those with hearing loss are unhappy or in need of “saving.” Audism is the result of audio centricity - the belief that having the ability to hear and communicate verbally is the “norm.”Īs the awareness and understanding of audism grow, so does the need to safeguard against discriminatory practices and beliefs. It is a form of ableism that often manifests as a belief that hearing people are inherently more intelligent or successful than people who are Deaf or hard of hearing. Learning more about this harmful perspective can help combat its prevalence and the impacts of audism.Īudism is a type of discriminatory thinking that suggests individuals who are Deaf or hard of hearing are inferior to people who are not. Audism is a specific type of discrimination that focuses on people who are Deaf or hard of hearing.
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